Construction element for connecting in a low thermally-bridging manner a protruding external part to a building shell

ABSTRACT

A construction element for connecting in a low thermally-bridging manner a protruding external part to a building shell, having a least one insulation member to be disposed between the protruding external part and the building shell and at least one integrally configured reinforcement element from fiber-reinforced plastics material formed as at least one tensile reinforcement element. The reinforcement element horizontally traverses the insulation member and is connectable to the external part and the building shell. The reinforcement element has a central portion which extends through the insulation member and projects therethrough, and at least in this projecting region on the radial external face of the said reinforcement element either is configured substantially smooth-walled, or at least in part has a casing, and in a region outside the insulation member has at least one first anchoring portion which on the radial external face thereof has a first surface profile, and between the central portion and the first anchoring portion has a second anchoring portion which has a second surface profile. These first and second surface profiles differ in terms of the geometric and/or material properties thereof.

INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE

The following documents are incorporated herein by reference as if fully set forth: German Patent Application No. DE 102018129207.4, filed Nov. 20, 2018.

The invention relates to a construction element for connecting in a low thermally-bridging manner a protruding external part to a building shell. This construction element has at least one insulation member that is to be disposed between the protruding external part and the building shell and at least one integrally configured reinforcement element from fiber-reinforced plastics material in the form of at least one tensile reinforcement element. This reinforcement element traverses the insulation member in a manner that is substantially horizontal and transverse to the horizontal longitudinal extent of said insulation member and is connectable to the external part and the building shell. The reinforcement element comprises a central portion which extends through the insulation member and projects in relation to the insulation member, and at least in said projecting region on the radial external face of said reinforcement element either is configured so as to be substantially smooth-walled, or at least in part has a casing, and in a region outside the insulation member has at least one anchoring portion which on the radial external surface thereof has a first surface profile.

Construction elements of this type are well known in the construction of buildings. These construction elements are used, for example, for attaching a balcony to the building shell. The bar-shaped reinforcement elements that traverse the insulation member herein are in each case connected to the balcony as well as to the building shell, due to which the insulation member is disposed in a joint between the balcony and the building shell. The insulation member by virtue of the insulating property thereof reduces thermal bridges between the balcony and the building shell. If the building shell in the connection region as well as the balcony are configured from ferroconcrete, an overlap between the respective connecting reinforcement and the reinforcement element arises when the balcony is linked to the building shell by means of the construction element. Due to this overlap, the forces acting on the construction element can be transmitted from the reinforcement element to the respective connecting reinforcement. In order for the reinforcement element configured as a tensile reinforcement element to be able to absorb and transmit the tensile forces acting between the protruding external part and the building shell, said reinforcement element has to be in each case anchored in the building shell and the protruding external part. This anchoring leads to a bond between the reinforcement element and the material of the contiguous components that surrounds the reinforcement element. The degree of force transmission herein correlates with the strength of the bond. The strength of the bond herein depends inter alia on the length, the diameter, as well as the surface finish of the reinforcement element in the building shell, or the protruding external part, respectively. Bar-shaped reinforcement elements from steel which in particular in the region of the insulation member are comprised of corrosion-resistant stainless steel and in the region further outside the insulation member are comprised of ferroconcrete are typically used in the relevant prior art. The surface finish of bar-shaped reinforcement elements from steel can be modified by rolling a surface profile onto the radial external face of the reinforcement element. The surface profile herein can be configured, for example, as ribs that run radially about the longitudinal axis of the reinforcement elements. Local meshing between the reinforcement element and the building shell, or the protruding external part, respectively, is achieved due to this rolled-on surface profile, due to which an improved transmission of force, or a stronger bond, respectively, is achieved.

Apart from reinforcement elements from steel, reinforcement elements for the use in construction elements of this type which are at least in part comprised of fiber-reinforced plastics material are also known in the prior art. These reinforcement elements from fiber-reinforced plastics material are producible in a cost-effective manner and have a lower thermal conductivity in comparison to stainless steel or ferroconcrete. Reinforcement elements of this type from fiber-reinforced plastics material can be produced by the so-called pultrusion method, wherein a surface profile has usually to be subsequently machined into the bar-shaped reinforcement elements or applied to the bar-shaped reinforcement elements. The thermal transmission between the protruding external part and the building shell can be further reduced due to the use of a construction element having reinforcement elements from fiber-reinforced plastics material, and a thermal separation can be achieved due to this. As opposed to reinforcement elements from stainless steel or ferroconcrete, reinforcement elements from fiber-reinforced plastics material have a lower elasticity modulus E and thus a lower spring stiffness. In order to achieve a comparable transmission of force in the installed state of the construction element and a comparable fitness for purpose, either integrally configured reinforcement elements from fiber-reinforced plastics material having a larger cross-section, or reinforcement elements configured in multiple parts in which only a central portion that traverses the insulation member is configured from fiber-reinforced plastics material while a region outside the insulation member is still comprised of ferroconcrete have to be used. In the case of reinforcement elements configured in multiple parts, the central portion which traverses the insulation member and thus a bond-free zone, can be configured so as to be smooth-walled. The anchoring portion, which is disposed in the region outside the insulation member and is configured from ferroconcrete, and the central portion have to be connected to one another, this ultimately having a negative effect on the production costs and the production time of such multiple-part reinforcement elements of this type. In the case of integrally configured reinforcement elements from fiber-reinforced plastics material having a comparatively large diameter, the local bonding strength increases in the transition region between the joint and the adjacent components such that excessive stress on the material can arise in this region. In particular in the case of concrete, such excessive stress can lead to formation of cracks. This formation of cracks ultimately leads to the connection between the protruding external part and the building shell becoming unstable.

SUMMARY

The present invention is therefore based on the object of specifying a construction element for connecting in a low thermally-bridging manner a protruding external part to a building shell, the bonding properties of the construction element in the transition region between a bond-free zone and a region with a bond being improved so as to decrease or entirely prevent formation of cracks in the material of the adjacent components.

This object is according to the invention achieved by a construction element having one or more features of the invention. Advantageous refinements of the invention are described below and in the claims, the wording thereof hereby being incorporated in the description by explicit reference so as to avoid unnecessary repetitions of text.

A construction element according to the invention for connecting in a low-thermally bridging manner a protruding external part to a building shell comprises at least one insulation member that is to be disposed between the protruding external part and the building shell, and at least one integrally configured reinforcement element from fiber-reinforced plastics material in the form of at least one tensile reinforcement element. This reinforcement element traverses the insulation member in a manner that is substantially horizontal and transverse to the horizontal longitudinal extent of said insulation member, and is connectable to the external part and the building shell. The tensile reinforcement element comprises a central portion which extends through the insulation member and projects in relation to the insulation member, and at least in said projecting region on the radial external face of said reinforcement element either is configured so as to be substantially smooth-walled, or at least in part has a casing, and in a region outside the insulation member at least one first anchoring portion which on the radial external face thereof has a first surface profile. In the case of the construction element according to the invention it is relevant that the tensile reinforcement element between the central portion and the first anchoring portion has a second anchoring portion which has a second surface profile, wherein the first surface profile and the second surface profile differ in terms of the geometric and/or material properties thereof.

The integrally configured tensile reinforcement element, proceeding from the center thereof to the respective ends thereof along the longitudinal axis thereof, thus comprises substantially at least three portions. The central portion of the tensile reinforcement element that extends through the insulation member at least in this projecting region on the radial external face of said central portion either is configured so as to be substantially smooth-walled, or has an additional casing. Associated therewith, at least in the projecting region of the central portion of the tensile reinforcement element, is therefore only a minor surface roughness, or even none at all. This central portion in relation to the insulation member projects from the two lateral faces of said insulation member that are configured as bearing faces for the building shell and the protruding external part such that the central portion in the installed state of the construction element protrudes in each case into the adjacent components. By virtue of the absent surface profile in at least the projecting region of the central portion, no substantial meshing takes place in the boundary region between the insulation member and the adjacent components. A zone of substantially low bonding is thus configured in said region. The tensile reinforcement element in a region outside the insulation member furthermore has the first anchoring portion. By virtue of the surface profile of said first anchoring portion, meshing and a high bonding strength resulting therefrom takes place between the tensile reinforcement element and the adjacent components in the region of the first anchoring portion. The tensile reinforcement element between the central portion and the first anchoring portion furthermore has the second anchoring portion. This means that the central portion that traverses the insulation member is at both ends connected to in each case one second anchoring portion, and said second anchoring portion is in each case in turn connected to a first anchoring portion, wherein the tensile reinforcement element composed from the central portion, the first anchoring portion, and the second anchoring portion is overall integrally configured. The second anchoring portion possesses a second surface profile. It is decisive herein that the first surface profile and the second surface profile differ in terms of the geometric and/or material properties thereof.

The bonding strength, or the transmission of force, respectively, in the respective anchoring portion can be adapted to the requirements of the construction element in the installed state by the choice of the respective geometric and/or material properties. Due to this, excessive stress on the material surrounding the tensile reinforcement element in the installed state of the construction element can be avoided in the transition region between the bond-free zone, that is to say between the insulation member and the region with a bond, that is to say the respective adjacent component. Due to this, a formation of cracks in said transition region can be decreased or even entirely prevented. The tensile reinforcement element can preferably be produced from carbon fiber, glass fiber, or aramid-fiber reinforced plastics material and/or be configured in the shape of a bar having a substantially circular cross-section. However, the invention is not limited thereto. Furthermore, the number of tensile reinforcement elements in the insulation member can preferably be adapted to the requirements in terms of construction for the construction element in the installed state between the building shell and the balcony.

In one first advantageous configuration of the construction element according to the invention, the first surface profile and the second surface profile are configured in a mutually independent manner as ribs that run in a substantially radial manner, or in the manner of screw turns, about the longitudinal axis of the reinforcement element, and/or as a sand cover. These ribs can be configured in the form of so-called negative ribs by machining depressions into a smooth-walled tensile reinforcement element, wherein the negative ribs have a radially inward rib base and a radially outward rib ridge region. However, there is also the possibility for the tensile reinforcement element on the radial external face thereof to have positive ribs which at least in part have been wound or otherwise additively applied along the longitudinal axis to a smooth-walled tensile reinforcement element. Due to this, said positive ribs project in a radial manner, or in the manner of screw turns, from the external face of the tensile reinforcement element. Positive ribs of this type likewise have a radially inward rib base as well as a radially outward rib ridge region. In the installed state of the construction element, positive as well as negative ribs conjointly with the adjacent components configure a form-fit due to which meshing of the ribs of the tensile reinforcement elements takes place with the material of the adjacent components that surrounds the ribs. The tensile reinforcement element is imparted a rough and structured surface by a sand cover, that is to say by applying sand to the radial external face of the tensile reinforcement element in the first anchoring portion and/or in the second anchoring portion, due to which the bond between the tensile reinforcement element and the adjacent components in the installed state of the construction element is increased in comparison to a smooth-walled tensile reinforcement element. Both anchoring portions herein can either be sand covered or provided with ribs. However, there is also the possibility for only one of the two anchoring portions to have a sand cover as a surface profile, while the other anchoring portion is provided with a surface profile from ribs. Due to this, an optimal bonding strength can be achieved between the two anchoring portions and the adjacent components, and a formation of cracks in the material of said components that surrounds the anchoring portion can simultaneously be decreased. The stability of the link between the protruding external component and the building shell is thus ultimately improved.

In order for a mutually dissimilar bonding strength of the respective first anchoring portion and the second anchoring portion with the material of the building shell that surrounds the anchoring portion and the protruding external part to be in each case effected in the installed state of the construction element between the building shell and the protruding external part, the ribs of the first surface profile and the ribs of the second surface profile in one further advantageous design embodiment of the construction element according to the invention differ in terms of the rib height h, the rib spacing b, the rib pitch T, thereof, the inclination angle of the rib flanks α, and/or the rib shape. The bonding strength between the respective anchoring portion and the material that surrounds the anchoring portion due to said differences between the first and the second surface profile can be adapted in such a manner that excessive stress on the material that surrounds the tensile reinforcement element is avoided in the transition region between the bond-free zone in the region of the insulation member and the region having a bond. A formation of cracks in said transition region can be decreased or even entirely prevented due to this. The ribs that are configured on the radial external face of the tensile reinforcement element can shear away already in the event of relatively low axial tensile stress, since said ribs are in most instances not sufficiently stable for transmitting the effective forces in the event of axial stress from the material that surrounds the tensile reinforcement element into the tensile reinforcement element, or vice versa, respectively. In order for ribbed tensile reinforcement elements from fiber-reinforced plastics material to be imparted sufficient bonding properties, it is therefore advantageous for the ribs to be configured having an inclination angle of the rib flanks of said ribs of less than 90 degrees, wherein the rib flanks form the transition region between the radially inward rib base and the radially outward rib ridge region. On the other hand, in the case of excessively flat ribs which do not shear away, there is the risk that said excessively flat ribs cause a so-called indirect tensile failure of the material of the adjacent components in that said excessively flat ribs, in a manner similar to that of a wedge, in the event of tensile stress expose the material that surrounds the tensile reinforcement element in a form-fitting manner to an ever increasing diameter of the tensile reinforcement element and finally burst open said material. In that the ribs differ in terms of the inclination angle of the rib flanks α of the first anchoring portion and of the second anchoring portion, not only can a formation of cracks in the material of the adjacent components be avoided or even entirely prevented, but a sufficient bonding strength can also be guaranteed. Furthermore, a high degree of meshing of the respective anchoring portion with the concrete of the building shell that surrounds the respective anchoring portion and the protruding external part can be achieved due to a large rib height h at a simultaneously minor rib spacing b. The rib height h herein represents the spacing between the radially inward rib base and the radially outward rib ridge region. In the case of only a minor rib height h at a simultaneously large rib spacing b, a lesser degree of meshing can be achieved. Since the degree of meshing correlates with the strength of the bond between the tensile reinforcement element and the concrete that surrounds the tensile reinforcement element, an optimized bond can be achieved in a targeted manner due to the afore-mentioned differences between the ribs of the first surface profile and the ribs of the second surface profile, while simultaneously achieving a reduction in the formation of cracks in the concrete. The rib height h, the rib spacing b, the rib pitch T, the inclination angle of the rib flanks α, and/or the rib shape in the first anchoring portion and in the second anchoring portion are preferably chosen in such a manner that the tensile reinforcement element of the construction element has optimum bonding properties.

In order to further decrease a formation of cracks in the transition region between the bond-free zone and the region having a bond, one further advantageous design embodiment of the construction element according to the invention provides that the rib height h and/or the rib spacing b in the first anchoring portion are/is greater than in the second anchoring portion. This results in that a stronger bond between the tensile reinforcement element and the material that surrounds the tensile enforcement element is configured in the region of the first anchoring portion which in the installed state of the construction element is disposed deeper in the adjacent components. The bond between the tensile reinforcement element and the concrete that surrounds the tensile reinforcement element in the region of the second anchoring portion is weaker in comparison to the first anchoring portion. By virtue thereof, the bonding strength between the tensile reinforcement element and the material that surrounds the tensile reinforcement element increases in a substantially step-wise manner from the region of the central portion of the tensile reinforcement element that protrudes into the adjacent component, said region being configured so as to be substantially smooth-walled or having a casing, toward the first anchoring portion that lies the deepest in the adjacent components, the rib height h and/or the rib spacing b of said first anchoring portion being greater than in the second anchoring portion. Due to this, an improved bond is achieved in comparison to the construction elements known from the prior art, while simultaneously minimizing the formation of cracks in the material of the adjacent components.

In one further advantageous design embodiment of the construction element according to the invention, the inclination angle of the rib flanks α in the first anchoring portion is smaller than in the second anchoring portion. Due to this, the bonding strength in the region of the transition between the bond-free zone and the region having a bond can be further improved so as to decrease or even entirely prevent the formation of cracks in the material of the adjacent components.

In order for the afore-described effect be further improved, one further advantageous configuration of the construction element according to the invention provides that the central portion and the ribs of the first anchoring portion and/or of the second anchoring portion have substantially identical diameters. As has already been mentioned above, the ribs have a radially inward rib base and a radially outward rib ridge region. The diameter of the rib ridge region d_(s) herein is to be considered to be the diameter d of the tensile reinforcement element in the first and/or the second anchoring portion. This means that the diameter of the central portion d_(M) and the diameter d_(s) of the rib ridge region in the first and/or the second anchoring portion are configured so as to be substantially identical. This also results in that the diameter of the radially inward rib base d_(G) is smaller than the diameter d_(M) of the central portion of the tensile reinforcement element.

To the extent that the first and the second anchoring portion have a sand cover, one further advantageous refinement of the construction element according to the invention provides that the sand cover of the first surface profile and the sand cover of the second profile differ in terms of the sand composition, grain size, and/or grain shape, thereof, so as to in the installed state of the construction element effect in each case mutually dissimilar bond strengths of the respective first anchoring portion and of the second anchoring portion with the material of the building shell that surrounds the anchoring portions and/or the protruding external part. For example, the surface roughness of the tensile reinforcement element in one of the two anchoring portions can be increased due to a large grain size of the sand cover. Due to this, the bonding strength and thus the transmission of force between said anchoring portion and the material that surrounds the anchoring portion increases. The bonding strength at the respective anchoring portion can thus be adapted to the respective requirements of the construction element in the installed state, and a formation of cracks in the material of the adjacent components can be decreased or even entirely prevented. A construction element configured in such a manner is thus distinguished by an improved bonding property in comparison to the construction elements known from the prior art.

It has proven particularly advantageous herein for the bonding strength in the first anchoring portion that lies deepest be higher than in the second anchoring portion. Therefore, one further advantageous configuration of the construction element according to the invention provides that the grain size of the sand cover in the first anchoring portion is larger than in the second anchoring portion. Due to this, the first anchoring portion has a higher surface roughness than the second anchoring portion, due to which a stronger bond with the material that surrounds the tensile reinforcement element takes place in the installed state of the construction element in this region. Due to this, the bonding properties of the construction element according to the invention are further improved.

As has already been mentioned above, the bonding strength of the tensile reinforcement element in the adjacent components correlates inter alia also with the diameter of the tensile reinforcement element in the bonding region. In order to avoid that the bond is excessively strong in particular in the transition region between the bond-free zone and the region having a bond, and an undesirable formation of cracks in the material of the adjacent component arises due to this, the central portion and/or the first anchoring portion and/or the second anchoring portion in one further advantageous design embodiment of the construction element according to the invention have/has mutually dissimilar diameters. When the first and the second anchoring portion have a sand cover, the first anchoring portion can thus preferably have a larger diameter in comparison to the second anchoring portion and the central portion of the tensile reinforcement element. This can be achieved, for example, by way of the quantity of sand applied to the respective anchoring portion. In this preferred case, the bonding strength in the region of the second anchoring portion is lower in comparison to the first anchoring portion. When the first and the second anchoring portion on the radial external face thereof have ribs, the diameter d_(G) of the radially inward rib base of the first anchoring portion can preferably be smaller than the diameter d_(G) of the radially inward rib base of the second anchoring portion. At the same time, the diameter of the central portion d_(M) and the diameters d_(s) of the respective rib ridge regions of the first and of the second anchoring portion can either be substantially identical or dissimilar to the diameter d_(M) of the central portion of the tensile reinforcement element. Consequently, the rib height h in the first anchoring portion can be larger than or equal to the rib height h in the second anchoring portion. In both cases, the bonding properties of the construction element are ultimately improved in such a manner that a formation of cracks in the material in the transition region between the bond-free zone and the region having a bond is decreased or even entirely prevented.

In one further advantageous design embodiment of the component according to the invention, the central portion of the tensile reinforcement element in the substantially horizontal direction projects beyond the insulation member by a length L₃, said length L₃ being two times to ten times a diameter d_(M) of the central portion of the tensile reinforcement element. This means that the central portion of the tensile reinforcement element in the installed state of the construction element protrudes into both adjacent components by substantially said length L₃. Said length L₃ which two times to ten times the diameter d_(M) of the central portion of the tensile reinforcement element, further decreases a formation of cracks in the material of the adjacent components in the transition region between the bond-free zone and the region having a bond.

As has already been mentioned above, the second anchoring portion of the integrally configured tensile reinforcement element adjoins in each case the central portion on both sides in the longitudinal direction thereof. One further advantageous design embodiment of the construction element according to the invention herein provides that a length L₂ of the second anchoring portion is two times to ten times, preferably five times to seven times, the diameter d_(M) of the central portion of the tensile reinforcement element. A length L₂ of this type decreases further a formation of cracks in the material of the adjacent components in the transition region between the bond-free zone and the region having a bond. The stability of the connecting of the protruding external part to the building shell is further increased due to this.

In order to be able to guarantee an optimal anchoring of the tensile reinforcement element of the construction element in the adjacent components, the length L₁ of the first anchoring portion in one further advantageous design embodiment of the construction element according to the invention is ten times to fifty times, preferably ten times to forty times, the diameter d_(M) of the central portion of the tensile reinforcement element. This means that the first anchoring portion in the installed state of the construction element in the horizontal direction of the adjacent components extends across the length L₃. It is guaranteed due to this that the tensile reinforcement elements of the construction element can be used without additional terminal anchors such as, for example, cross plates, loops, or the like. This simplifies the installation of the construction element between the protruding external part and the building shell.

One further advantageous design embodiment of the construction element according to the invention provides that the casing is configured as a substantially thin-walled tubular sleeve which is capable of being push-fitted onto at least the projecting region of the central portion. This sleeve in the installed state of the construction element likewise protrudes into both adjacent components and due to this prevents a bond between the central portion and the material of the adjacent components and thus excessive stress on the material of the adjacent components. A formation of cracks in the transition region between the bond-free zone and the region having a bond can thus likewise be decreased or even entirely prevented. The tensile reinforcement element in the region of the central portion can likewise have a surface profile due to the use of such a casing. Since said surface profile is at least in part covered by the casing, said surface profile does not have any substantial influence on the bond between the tensile reinforcement element in the projecting region of the central portion and the material that surrounds the tensile reinforcement element.

In one further advantageous design embodiment of the construction element according to the invention, said casing is configured as a coating which is capable of being applied to at least the projecting region of the central portion by spraying or brushing. Due to this, polymer materials in liquid or pasty form can be applied to at least the projecting region of the central portion, for example, said materials curing after the application and thus configuring a substantially smooth-walled surface on the radial external face of the central portion. This enables the construction element to be adapted in an optimal manner to the requirements in the installed state between the protruding external part and the building shell.

The construction element according to the invention in one further advantageous design embodiment, additionally to the tensile reinforcement elements, has compression-force elements and/or transverse-force elements which are known from the relevant prior art and are usual in the case of construction elements of this type and which serve for transmitting compressive and/or transverse forces acting on the construction element.

To the extent that concrete is mentioned in terms of the material of the adjacent component, thus in particular of the building shell and of the protruding external part, this herein is to be understood as including any form of a curing and/or binding construction material, in particular a cement-containing fiber-reinforced construction material such as concrete, such as high-strength concrete or ultra-high-strength concrete, or such as a high-strength or ultra-high-strength mortar, an artificial resin mixture, or a reactive resin mixture.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Further features or advantages of the present invention are derived from the description hereunder of exemplary embodiments and the drawing in which:

FIG. 1 shows an exemplary embodiment of a construction element according to the invention in the installed state between a building shell and a protruding external part, in a sectional illustration;

FIG. 2 shows a detail of the exemplary embodiment of the construction element 1 from FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 shows a partial illustration of a first variant of a tensile reinforcement element for use in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 shows a partial illustration of a second variant of a tensile reinforcement element for use in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1;

FIG. 5 shows a partial illustration of a third variant of the tensile reinforcement element for use in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1;

FIG. 6 shows a partial illustration of a fourth variant of a tensile reinforcement element for use in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1;

FIG. 7 shows a partial illustration of a fifth variant of the tensile reinforcement element for use in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1;

FIG. 8 shows a partial illustration of a sixth variant of a tensile reinforcement element for use in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1; and

FIG. 9 shows a partial illustration of a seventh variant of a tensile reinforcement element for use in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

FIG. 1 shows a sectional illustration of an exemplary embodiment of a construction element 1 according to the invention in the installed state between a building shell A and a protruding external part B, wherein the construction element 1 on the side of the building is connected in the region of a supporting ceiling. The construction element 1 has an insulation member 2 that is disposed between the building shell A and the protruding external part B, and an integrally configured reinforcement element 3 in the form of a tensile reinforcement element. This tensile reinforcement element 3 in the present exemplary embodiment is configured so as to be bar-shaped and having a circular cross-section, and traverses the insulation member 2 horizontally and transversely to the horizontal longitudinal extent of said insulation member 2. The tensile reinforcement element 3 is furthermore in each case connected to the building shell A and the protruding external part B. The tensile reinforcement element 3 in the present exemplary embodiment is configured from glass-fiber-reinforced plastics material (GRP). The insulation member 2 is configured from a molded body from expanded polystyrene.

The tensile reinforcement element 3 has a central portion 4 which traverses the insulation member 2 and has a diameter d_(M) which horizontally in relation to the insulation member 2 projects by a length L₃ in the direction of the building shell A as well as in the direction of the protruding external part B. This means that the central portion 4 has a length that is greater in comparison to the cross-sectional length in relation to the longitudinal axis of the insulation member 2. The length L₃ in the present exemplary embodiment is three times the diameter d_(M) of the central portion 4. In the present exemplary embodiment, the central portion 4 on the radial external face thereof is substantially smooth-walled, that is to say configured without any surface profile. The tensile reinforcement element 3 in a region outside the insulation member 2 has a first anchoring portion 5 having a length L₁. In order for said first anchoring portion 5 to be anchored in the two adjacent components A, B, said first anchoring portion 5 on the radial external face thereof is provided with a first surface profile which in the present exemplary embodiment is configured in the form of mutually parallel ribs. The length L₁ in the present exemplary embodiment is fifty times the diameter d_(M) of the central portion 4.

The tensile reinforcement element 3 between the central portion 4 and the first anchoring portion 5 furthermore has a second anchoring portion 6 of the length L₂. This second anchoring portion 6 of the tensile reinforcement element 3 on the radial external face thereof is also provided with a second surface profile in the form of mutually parallel ribs. It is relevant herein that the first surface profile of the first anchoring portion 5 and the second surface profile of the second anchoring portion 6 differ in terms of the geometric and/or material properties thereof, as will likewise be explained by the following FIGS. 2 to 10. Meshing of the surface profile of the anchoring portions 5, 6 with the material of the adjacent components A, B that surrounds the anchoring portions 5, 6 takes place in the installed state of the construction element 1 due to said surface profile of the first anchoring portion 5 and the second anchoring portion 6. The strength of said meshing, and thus the strength of the bond resulting therefrom, herein depends on the geometric and/or material properties of the respective surface profile of the two anchoring portions 5, 6. In the present exemplary embodiment, the length L₂ of the second anchoring portion 6 is seven times the diameter d_(M) of the central portion 4.

As has already been mentioned above, the central portion 4 of the tensile reinforcement element 3 that traverses the insulation member 2 in relation to the insulation member 2 projects by the length L₃ in the horizontal direction. By virtue thereof, said central portion 4 in the installed state of the construction element 1 protrudes into the two adjacent components A, B by substantially said length L₃. By virtue of the absent surface profile and the minor surface roughness of the central portion 4 associated therewith, only a week bond arises between the tensile reinforcement element 3 and the material that surrounds the tensile reinforcement element 3 in the transition region between the insulation member 2 and the adjacent components A, B. A so-called low-bonding zone is thus configured in the transition region between the insulation member 2 and the adjacent components A, B. In the present exemplary embodiment, the building shell A as well as the protruding external part B are configured from ferroconcrete, which is why the material that surrounds the tensile reinforcement element 3 in the installed state of the construction element 1 is concrete. Only a minor transmission of force between the tensile reinforcement element 3 and the concrete that surrounds the tensile reinforcement element 3 takes place in the low-bonding zone.

As has already been described above, along the longitudinal axis of the tensile reinforcement element 3 first the second anchoring portion 6 adjoins, and then the first anchoring portion 5 of the tensile reinforcement element 3 adjoins, a side opposite the central portion. As is described by means of the following FIGS. 2 to 8, said two anchoring portions 5, 6 differ in terms of the geometric and/or material properties of the surface profiles thereof. These differences in the surface profile lead to a step-wise increase of the bonding strength from the bond-free zone in the region of the insulation member 2 up to the first anchoring portion 5. The strongest bond between the tensile reinforcement element 3 and the concrete that surrounds the tensile reinforcement element 3 is thus configured in the region of the first anchoring portion 5. An additional terminal anchor of the tensile reinforcement element 3 in the adjacent components A, B can be dispensed with by virtue of said high-bonding zone in the region of the first anchoring portion 5. This facilitates the connecting of the protruding external part B to the building shell A. Furthermore, the bonding properties of the construction element 1 are improved in such a manner that a stable and durable connecting of the protruding external part B to the building shell A can take place, on the one hand, and excessive stress on the concrete in the transition region between the bond-free zone in the region of the insulation member 2 to a zone having a bond in the adjacent components A, B can be avoided, on the other hand. Due to this, a formation of cracks in the concrete by virtue of excess material stress is decreased or even minimized.

As has already been mentioned above, both adjacent components A, B are configured from ferroconcrete and therefore each have a corresponding connector reinforcement A1, B1, the tensile reinforcement element 3 correspondingly overlapping therewith. The construction element 1 for absorbing and receiving compressive forces acting on the construction element furthermore has a compression-force element 7. Not only tensile forces but also compressive forces can thus be transmitted by the construction element 1, and a stable and durable connecting of the protruding external part B to the building shell A is created.

FIG. 2 shows a detail of the exemplary embodiment from FIG. 1 in the installed state. It becomes yet again evident by means of said FIG. 2 that the central portion 4 of the tensile reinforcement element 3, said central portion 4 on the radial external face thereof being configured so as to be smooth-walled, at the transition region between the insulation member 2 and the building shell A protrudes into said building shell A by the length L₃ in the horizontal direction. A low-bonding zone is configured in said transition region due to this.

FIG. 3 shows a partial illustration of a first variant of the tensile reinforcement element 3 for use in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1. The first surface profile of the first anchoring portion 5 as well as the second surface profile of the second anchoring portion 6 in the present variant of the tensile reinforcement element 3 are configured as ribs that run along the longitudinal axis of the anchoring portions 5, 6, said ribs being configured so as to be mutually parallel on the radial external face of the two anchoring portions 5, 6. Said tensile reinforcement element 3 herein has so-called negative ribs which are produced in that a rib-free radial external face of the tensile reinforcement element 3 in the region of the two anchoring portions 5, 6 are provided with local radial depressions 51, 52, 61, 62. Due to this, radially encircling ribs 53, 54, 63, 64 are created, which in the region of the depression 51, 52, 61, 62 have a radially inward rib base 511, 521, 611, 621 and between the depressions 51, 52, 61, 62 have a radially outward rib ridge region 531, 541, 631, 641.

FIG. 4 shows a detail of the second variant of the tensile reinforcement element 3 at the transition region between the first anchoring portion 5 and the second anchoring portion 6. The first surface profile of the first anchoring portion 5 and the second surface profile of the second anchoring portion 6 differ in terms of the respective rib height hv_(v1), h_(v2), and of the respective rib width b_(v1), b_(v2), wherein the ribs 53, 54 of the first anchoring portion 5 a greater rib height h_(v1) as well as a smaller rib width b_(v1) in comparison to the ribs 63, 64 of the second anchoring portion 6. The respective rib height h_(v1), h_(v2) herein corresponds to the spacing between the radially inward rib base 511, 512, 611, 621 and the radially outward rib ridge region 531, 541, 631, 641. A rib pitch T is substantially identical in the case of both anchoring portions 5, 6. Due to this, more intense meshing of the tensile reinforcement element 3 with the concrete that surrounds the tensile reinforcement element 3 takes place in the installed state of the construction element 1 in the region of the first anchoring portion 5 in comparison to the second anchoring portion 6, while configuring a high-bonding zone. As has already been mentioned above, by virtue of this high-bonding zone in the region of the first anchoring portion 5, an additional terminal anchor of the tensile reinforcement element 3 in the adjacent components A, B can be dispensed with, due to which the connecting of the protruding external part B to the building shell A is facilitated.

FIG. 5 shows a third variant of the tensile reinforcement element 3 in a detailed illustration at the transition region between the first anchoring portion 5 and the second anchoring portion 6. The first surface profile of the first anchoring portion 5 and the second surface profile of the second anchoring portion 6 in the case of this second variant of the tensile reinforcement element 3 differ from one another in terms of the respective rib height h_(v1), h_(v2) as well as of the inclination angle α_(v1), α_(v2) of the rib flanks. The ribs 53, 54 of the first anchoring portion 5 herein have a greater rib height h_(v1) as well as a smaller inclination angle α_(v1) in comparison to the ribs 63, 64 of the second anchoring portion 6. Here too, more intense meshing of the tensile reinforcement element 3 with the concrete that surrounds the tensile reinforcement element 3 in the region of the first anchoring portion 5 takes place in the installed state of the construction element 1 due to this in comparison to the second anchoring portion 6, while configuring the strong-bonding zone. As has already been mentioned above, an additional terminal anchor of the tensile reinforcement element 3 in the adjacent components A, B can be dispensed with by virtue of said strong-bonding zone in the region of the first anchoring portion 5, due to which the connecting of the protruding external part B to the building shell A is facilitated.

FIG. 6 shows a partial illustration of a fourth variant of the tensile reinforcement element 3 for use in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1. In the case of this fourth variant, both anchoring portions 5, 6 likewise have negative ribs 53, 54, 63, 64 which however do not run in a mutually parallel manner, but in the manner of screw turns about the longitudinal axis of the two anchoring portions 5, 6. Since the machining of said ribs 53, 54, 63, 64 that run in the manner of screw turns can be performed in a continuous manner, this second variant has a producibility a which is simplified in comparison to the first variant of the tensile reinforcement element 3. This decreases the production time as well as the production costs of the construction element 1. The first surface profile of the first anchoring portion 5 and the second surface profile of the second anchoring portion 6 differ in the respective rib height h_(v1), h_(v2), wherein the rib width b_(v1), b_(v2) and the rib pitch T_(v1), T_(v2) are substantially identical. The ribs 53, 54 of the first anchoring portion 5 have a greater rib height h_(v1) in comparison to the ribs 63, 64 of the second anchoring portion 6. As is also the case in the variants of the tensile reinforcement element 3 described above, this difference between the first anchoring portion 5 and the second anchoring portion 6 leads to a step-wise increase of the bonding strength from the central portion 4 by way of the second anchoring portion 6 up to the first anchoring portion 5. Due to this, excessive stress on the concrete in the transition region between the bond-free zone and the region having a bond is avoided in the installed state of the construction element 1, and the formation of cracks in this region is consequently decreased or even prevented. This ultimately improves the stability and the durability of the connecting of the protruding external part B to the building shell A.

FIG. 7 shows a partial illustration of a fifth variant of the tensile reinforcement element 3 for use in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1. As opposed to the previously described variants of the tensile reinforcement element 3, this fifth variant has positive ribs 53, 54, 63, 64 which run in the manner of screw turns about the longitudinal axis of the two anchoring portions 5, 6. Said positive ribs 53, 54, 63, 64 have been additively applied to the tensile reinforcement element 3. Said positive ribs 53, 54, 63, 64 differ from the previously described negative ribs in that the radially outward rib ridge region 531, 541, 631, 641 has a diameter which is larger in comparison to the diameter of the central portion d_(M), while the diameter of the rib base 511, 521, 611, 621 is substantially identical to the diameter of the central portion d_(M). The first surface profile of the first anchoring portion 5 and the second surface profile of the second anchoring portion 6 differ in terms of the rib pitch T_(v1), T_(v2), wherein the rib width b_(v1), b_(v2) and the rib height h_(v1), h_(v2) are substantially identical. The ribs 53, 54 of the first anchoring portion 5 have a smaller rib pitch T_(v1) in comparison to the ribs 63, 64 of the second anchoring portion 6. As is also the case in the previously described variants of the tensile reinforcement element 3, this difference between the first anchoring portion 5 and the second anchoring portion 6 leads to a step-wise increase of the bonding strength from the central portion 4, by way of the second anchoring portion 6 up to the first anchoring portion 5. Due to this, excessive stress on the concrete in the transition region between the bond-free zone and the region having a bond is avoided in the installed state of the construction element 1, and the formation of cracks in this region is consequently decreased or even prevented. This ultimately improves the stability and the durability of the connecting of the protruding external part B to the building shell A.

FIG. 8 shows a partial illustration of a sixth variant of the tensile reinforcement element 3 for use in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1. In this sixth variant of the tensile reinforcement element 3, the first anchoring portion 5 as well as the second anchoring portion 6 have a sand cover. This sand cover herein has been applied to the tensile reinforcement element 3 in such a manner that the diameter of the tensile reinforcement element 3 increases in a step-wise manner from the central portion 4, by way of the second anchoring portion 6 up to the first anchoring portion 5. This means that the diameter d_(v1) of the first anchoring portion 5 is larger than the diameter d₂ of the second anchoring portion 6, wherein both anchoring portions 5, 6 have a larger diameter than the central portion 4. A further difference between the first anchoring portion 5 and the second anchoring portion 6 lies in the grain size of the sand used for the sand cover of the tensile reinforcement element 3. The grain size of the first anchoring portion 5 herein is larger than the grain size of the second anchoring portion 5. Due to this, the first anchoring portion 5 has a higher surface roughness in comparison to the second anchoring portion 6. A comparable effect as in the previously described ribbed variants of the tensile reinforcement element 3 is achieved by a sand cover of this type. The bond between the tensile reinforcement element 3 and the concrete that surrounds the tensile reinforcement element 3 in the installed state of the construction element 1 increases in a step-wise manner from the transition region between the insulation member 2 and the two adjacent components A, B toward the first anchoring portion 5. Due to this, excessive stress on the concrete in the transition region between the bond-free zone and the region having a bond is avoided in the installed state of the construction element 1, and the formation of cracks in this region is consequently decreased or even prevented. This ultimately improves the stability and durability of the connecting of the protruding external part B to the building shell A.

FIG. 9 shows a partial illustration of a seventh variant of the tensile reinforcement element 3 for use in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1. This seventh variant of the tensile reinforcement element 3 in the region of the central portion 4 has a casing 8 which is configured as a thin-walled tubular sleeve and is push-fitted onto the central portion 4. In the installed state of the construction element 1 between the protruding external part B and the building shell A, the central portion 4 as well as the sleeve 8 that encases the central portion 4 protrude in the horizontal direction into the adjacent components A, B by the length L₃, due to which only a weak bond exists between the tensile reinforcement element 3 and the concrete that surrounds the tensile reinforcement element 3 in this region. As is already the case in the sixth variant of the tensile reinforcement element, the first anchoring portion 5 as well as the second anchoring portion 6 have a sand cover having properties that are comparable to the two anchoring portions 5, 6 which are described in FIG. 7. By virtue thereof, the first anchoring portion 5 and the second anchoring portion 6 differ in terms of the grain size of the sand used for the sand cover of the tensile reinforcement element 3. The grain size of the first anchoring portion 5 herein is larger than the grain size of the second anchoring portion 5. Due to this, the first anchoring portion 5 has a higher surface roughness in comparison to the second anchoring portion 6. In this case too, the bond between the tensile reinforcement element 3 and the concrete that surrounds the tensile reinforcement element 3 in the installed state of the construction element 1 increases in a step-wise manner from the transition region between the insulation body 2 and the two adjacent components A, B toward the first anchoring portion 5. Due to this, excessive stress on the concrete in the transition region between the bond-free zone and the region having a bond is avoided in the installed state of the construction element 1, and a formation of cracks in this region is consequently decreased or even prevented. This ultimately improves the stability and durability of the connecting of the protruding external part B to the building shell A. 

1. A construction element (1) for connecting in a low thermally-bridging manner a protruding external part (B) to a building shell (A), the construction element comprising: at least one insulation member (2) that is adapted to be disposed between the protruding external part (B) and the building shell (A); at least one integrally configured reinforcement element (3) formed from fiber-reinforced plastics material that comprises at least one tensile reinforcement element, said reinforcement element (3) traversing the insulation member (2) substantially horizontal and transverse to a horizontal longitudinal extent of said insulation member (2) and being adapted to be connected to the external part (A) and the building shell (B); wherein the reinforcement element (3) has a central portion (4) which extends through the insulation member (2) and projects with a projecting region in relation to the insulation member (2), and at least in said projecting region on a radial external face of said reinforcement element (3) either is configured so as to be substantially smooth-walled, or at least in part has a casing (8), and in a region outside the insulation member (2) includes at least one first anchoring portion (5) which on the radial external face thereof has a first surface profile; and the reinforcement element (3) between the central portion (4) and the first anchoring portion (5) includes a second anchoring portion (6) which has a second surface profile, and the first surface profile and the second surface profile are different from one another in terms of at least one of geometric or material properties thereof.
 2. The construction element (1) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first surface profile and the second surface profile are configured in a mutually independent manner as ribs (53, 54, 63, 64) that extend radially or as screw turns about a longitudinal axis of the reinforcement element.
 3. The construction element (1) as claimed in claim 2, wherein the ribs (53, 54) of the first surface profile and the ribs (63, 64) of the second surface profile differ in terms of at least one of a rib height (h), a rib spacing (b), a rib pitch (T), an inclination angle of rib flanks (a), or a rib shape, such that in an installed state of the construction element (1) between the building shell (A) and the protruding external part (B), in each case a mutually dissimilar bonding strength of the respective first anchoring portion (5) and of the second anchoring portion (6) with a material of the building shell that surrounds the anchoring portions (5, 6) and the protruding external part is effected.
 4. The construction element (1) as claimed in claim 3, wherein at least one of the rib height (h) or the rib spacing (b) in the first anchoring portion (5) is greater than in the second anchoring portion (6).
 5. The construction element (1) as claimed in claim 3, wherein the inclination angle of the rib flanks (a) in the first anchoring portion (5) is smaller than in the second anchoring portion (6).
 6. The construction element (1) as claimed in claim 2, wherein the central portion (4) and the ribs (53, 54, 63, 64) of at least one of the first anchoring portion (5) or the second anchoring portion (6) have substantially identical diameters.
 7. The construction element (1) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first surface profile and the second surface profile are configured in a mutually independent manner as sand covers.
 8. The construction element (1) as claimed in claim 7, wherein the sand cover of the first surface profile and the sand cover of the second surface profile differ in terms of at least one of a sand composition, grain size, or grain shape, such that in an installed state of the construction element (1) mutually dissimilar bonding strengths of the respective first anchoring portion (5) and of the second anchoring portion (6) with the material of the building shell that surrounds the anchoring portions (5, 6) and the protruding external part are effected.
 9. The construction element (1) as claimed in claim 8, wherein the grain size of the sand cover in the first anchoring portion (5) is larger than in the second anchoring portion (6).
 10. The construction element (1) as claimed in claim 1, wherein at least one of the central portion (4), the first anchoring portion (5) or the second anchoring portion (6) have dissimilar diameters.
 11. The construction element (1) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the central portion (4) in the substantially horizontal direction projects beyond the insulation member (2) by a length L₃, said length L₃ being two times to ten times a diameter d_(M) of the central portion (4) of the reinforcement element (3).
 12. The construction element (1) as claimed in claim 1, wherein a length L₂ of the second anchoring element (6) is two times to ten times a diameter d_(M) of the central portion (4) of the reinforcement element (3).
 13. The construction element (1) as claimed in claim 1, wherein a length L₁ of the first anchoring portion (5) is ten times to fifty times a diameter d_(M) of the central portion (4) of the reinforcement element (3).
 14. The construction element (1) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the casing comprises a thin-walled tubular sleeve that is push-fittable onto at least the projecting region of the central portion (4).
 15. The construction element (1) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the casing comprises a coating applied to at least the projecting region of the central portion (4) by spraying or brushing.
 16. The construction element (1) as claimed in claim 1, further comprising at least one of compression-force elements or transverse-force elements. 